Cast Iron Alloy Products
Iron and iron alloys are some of the most versatile engineering materials available. The combination of physical properties such as strength, machinability and ductility make Iron alloys suitable for a wide range of applications. These properties can be further enhanced with variations in composition and manufacturing methods.
Cast iron
Cast iron is produced by smelting iron-carbon alloys that have a carbon content greater than 2%. After smelting, the metal is poured into a mould. Cast iron contains 2–4% carbon and other alloys, and 1–3% of silicon, which improves the casting performance of the molten metal. Small amounts of manganese and some impurities like sulphur and phosphorous may also be present.
Although both steel and cast iron contain traces of carbon and appear similar, there are significant differences between the two metals. Steel contains less than 2% carbon, which enables the final product to solidify in a single microcrystalline structure. The higher carbon content of cast iron means that it solidifies as a heterogeneous alloy, and therefore has more than one microcrystalline structure present in the material.
It is the combination of high carbon content, and the presence of silicon, that gives cast iron its excellent castability. Various types of cast irons are produced using different heat treatment and processing techniques, including Grey Iron, Ductile (SG) Iron and Ni-Resist Iron.
Grey Iron – is characterized by the flake shape of the graphite molecules in the metal. When the metal is fractured, the break occurs along the graphite flakes, which gives it the grey colour on the fractured metal’s surface.
Ductile Iron, or Spheroidal Graphite Iron, – obtains its special properties through the addition of magnesium into the alloy. The presence of magnesium causes the graphite to form in a spheroid shape small amounts of impurities such as sulphur and oxygen react with the magnesium, affecting the shape of the graphite molecules. Different grades of ductile iron are formed by manipulating the microcrystalline structure around the graphite spheroid. This is achieved through the casting process, or through heat treatment, as a downstream processing step.
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Material Designation
UK | UK | Int’l | USA | Germany | |
Type | BS EN 1561 : 1997 | BS 1452 : 1990 | ISO | AISI / SAE / ASTM | DIN |
185 | A48 | 1691 | |||
GREY IRON | EN-GJL-100 | Grade 100 | Class 20 B | GG 10 | |
(FLAKE GRAPHITE) | EN-GJL-150 | Grade 150 | 150 | Class 25 B | GG 15 |
Grade 180 | |||||
EN-GJL-200 | Grade 200 | 200 | Class 30 B | GG 20 | |
Grade 220 | Class 35 B | ||||
EN-GJL-250 | Grade 260 | 250 | Class 40 B | GG 25 | |
EN-GJL-300 | Grade 300 | 300 | Class 45 B | GG 30 | |
EN-GJL-350 | Grade 350 | 350 | Class 55 B | GG 35 | |
Grade 400 | Class 60 B | GG 40 | |||
UK | UK | Int’l | |||
Type | BS EN 1563 : 1997 | BS 2789 : 1985 | ISO | AISI / SAE / ASTM | DIN |
A536 | 1693 | ||||
DUCTILE IRON | EN-GJS-350-22 | 350/22 | EN-JS1010 | GGG 35.3 | |
(SPHEROIDAL GRAPHITE) | EN-GJS-400-18 | 400/18 | EN-JS1020 | 60-40-18 | GGG 40.3 |
EN-GJS-400-15 | 420/12 | EN-JS1030 | 65-45-12 | GGG 40 | |
EN-GJS-450-10 | 450/10 | EN-JS1040 | 70-50-05 | ||
EN-GJS-500-7 | 500/7 | EN-JS1050 | 80-55-06 | GGG 50 | |
EN-GJS-600-3 | 600/3 | EN-JS1060 | GGG 60 | ||
EN-GJS-700-2 | 700/2 | EN-JS1070 | 100-70-03 | GGG 70 | |
EN-GJS-800-2 | 800/2 | EN-JS1080 | GGG 80 | ||
EN-GJS-900-2 | 900/2 | EN-JS1090 | 120-90-02 | ||
UK | UK | Int’l | |||
Type | BS EN 13835 : 2002 | BS 3468 : 1986 | ISO | AISI / SAE / ASTM | DIN 1694 |
AUSTENITIC CAST IRON | |||||
(FLAKE) | EN-JL3011 | F1 | Ni-Resist 1 | A436 Type 1 | GGL-NiCuCr 15 6 2 |
– | F1 | Ni-Resist 1b | A436 Type 1B | GGL-NiCuCr 15 6 3 | |
– | F2 | Ni-Resist 2 | A436 Type 2 | GGL-NiCr 20 2 | |
– | F2 | Ni-Resist 2b | A436 Type 2 | GGL-NiCr 20 3 | |
– | F3 | Ni-Resist 3 | A436 Type 3 | GGL-NiCr 30 3 | |
(SPHEROIDAL) | EN-JS3011 | S2 | A439 Type D-2 | GGG-NiCr 20 2 | |
S2W | A439 Type D-2W | GGG-NiCrNb 20 2 | |||
S2B | A439 Type D-2B | GGG-NiCr 20 3 | |||
S2C | A439 Type D-2C | GGG-Ni 22 | |||
S3 | A439 Type D-3 | GGG-NiCr 30 1 | |||
S3 | A439 Type D-3 | GGG-NiCr 30 3 |